Ulcerative Colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that primarily affects the colon and rectum. It is characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the innermost lining of the colon, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding. The exact cause is unknown, but it is believed to involve an abnormal immune response, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors.
Laboratory Tests
Complete Blood Count (CBC): To check for anemia and signs of infection.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP): To assess the level of inflammation.
Stool Tests: To rule out infections and check for blood in the stool.
Imaging Studies
Colonoscopy: To directly visualize the colon and take biopsies of the inflamed tissue.
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: To examine the lower part of the colon and rectum.
CT Scan or MRI: To provide detailed images of the colon and detect complications such as abscesses or fistulas.
Chronic diarrhea, often with blood or pus.
Abdominal pain and cramping.
Urgency to defecate.
Weight loss.
Fatigue.
Fever.
Anemia due to chronic blood loss.
Rectal pain and bleeding.
Treatment for ulcerative colitis aims to reduce inflammation, manage symptoms, and achieve and maintain remission.
Aminosalicylates (5-ASAs): Medications such as mesalamine to reduce inflammation.
Corticosteroids: Used for short-term flare-ups to quickly reduce inflammation.
Immunomodulators: Medications like azathioprine to suppress the immune response.
Biologics: Targeted therapies such as infliximab to block specific proteins involved in inflammation.
Surgery: In severe cases, surgical removal of the colon (colectomy) may be necessary.
Diet and Nutrition: Tailored dietary plans to manage symptoms and ensure adequate nutrition.
Lifestyle Changes: Stress management and regular exercise to improve overall well-being.
Regular monitoring and follow-up with a gastroenterologist to manage the disease and adjust treatment as needed.